University of Scranton Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Scranton is a private Catholic and Jesuit university with an acceptance rate of 73%. Founded in 1888 and located in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the University of Scranton has high retention and graduation rates, and an impressive number of students go on to graduate school. Scranton has a 13-to-1  student/faculty ratio, and both health and business fields are quite popular with undergraduates. On the athletic front, the Scranton Royals compete in the NCAA Division III Landmark Conference. Considering applying to University of Scranton? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Scranton had an acceptance rate of 73%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 73 students were accepted, making Scrantons admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 9,968 Percent Admitted 73% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 13% SAT Scores and Requirements University of Scranton is test-optional for some applicants. Students who rank in the top 30% of their class, or those with an average GPA of 3.2 or above, are not required to submit SAT or ACT scores. Note that some programs at Scranton require SAT or ACT scores even for those who meet these criteria. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 81% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 570 640 Math 550 640 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of Scrantons admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Scranton scored between 570 and 640, while 25% scored below 570 and 25% scored above 640. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 550 and 640, while 25% scored below 550 and 25% scored above 640. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1280 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of Scranton. Requirements University of Scranton does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Scranton participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements University of Scranton is test-optional for some applicants. Students who rank in the top 30% of their class, or those with an average GPA of 3.2 or above, are not required to submit SAT or ACT scores. Note that some programs at Scranton require SAT or ACT scores even for those who meet these criteria. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 30% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Composite 23 28 This admissions data tells us that most of Scrantons admitted students fall within the top 31% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to University of Scranton received a composite ACT score between 23 and 28, while 25% scored above 28 and 25% scored below 23. Requirements Note that Scranton does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. University of Scranton does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of University of Scrantons incoming freshmen class was 3.49, and 60% had average GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to University of Scranton have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Scranton Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of Scranton. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances University of Scranton, which accepts fewer than three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat competitive admissions pool. However, Scranton also has a  holistic admissions  process and is test-optional, and admissions decisions are based on much more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. The college is looking for students who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways, not just students who show promise in the classroom. Note that some applicants who choose to apply test-optional will be required to participate in an interview. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their scores are outside of Scrantons average range. In the graph above, the blue and green data points indicate students who were admitted to the University of Scranton. Most had combined SAT scores (ERWM) of 1050 or higher, an ACT composite of 21 or higher, and a high school average of a B or better. If You Like the University of Scranton, You May Also Like These Schools Villanova UniversityDrexel UniversityUniversity of DelawareBoston CollegeTemple UniversityGonzaga UniversityFordham University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Scranton Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Black Soldiers in American History Essay - 1805 Words

Black Soldiers in American History While many volumes of work have been written on the heroics of Anglo-Americans in defense of the United States, insufficient notice has been given to the extensive involvement of blacks in defense of the United States beginning with, but not limited to, the Revolutionary War. Although bought over in chains, blacks continually demonstrated their commitment to liberty, equality and democracy through their participation and valiant fighting in the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. The first group of Africans in the United States is attributed to a group of twenty bought in 1619 to an area that was later settled as Virginia. The status of Africans was typically that of indentured†¦show more content†¦In spite of these early policies, one finds the Varner Rhode Island Battalion as †¦the only large aggregation of Negroes in this war, though Connecticut, New York and New Hampshire each furnished one separate company†¦1. As men became scarcer, slaves began to find their way into the ranks. But it is difficult to maintain a caste society when one finds slaves fighting side-by-side with freemen, so October 1775, General George Washington and his generals voted unanimously against the enlistment of slaves and the further enlistment of freemen. The British Army, under the leadership of Lord Dunmore, quite astutely, offered freedom for any slave fighting for King George. Washington was compelled to act in response to such a provocative offer. One must keep in mind that there were many blacks desirous of enlisting and the decision to enlist and arm slaves came down to necessity. On the question of utilizing Southern slaves, Congress decided that South Carolina and Georgia would †¦take measures immediately for raising 3000 able-bodied negreos.2. These men were to serve in segregated units. 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Advertising Principles And Practice Free Essays

However the Effie is one important award which is given for effectiveness (visit EFFIE Worldwide at mad. Effie. Org ) The New York American Marketing Association introduced these awards in 1968 and it honors the ‘real world’ work of agency/client partnerships that create, manage, and build brands In August 1996 Ionians launched one of the most memorable ads – lively, music-filled commercials featured dogs, dolls, a grinning Japanese man, and the tag line â€Å"Enjoy the Ride† yet the campaign failed as no car was shown and Ionians lost share and posted losses that year Characteristics of Effective Ads Types of Advertising The Ideas and Struck are examples of Brand Advertising which is most visible and some commercials use humor to create brand awareness Retail or Local Advertising focuses on retailers or manufacturers in small areas tit objective of stimulating store traffic and create distinctive image for store or manufacturer e. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising Principles And Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now G. White Wave Political / Directory Advertising Politicians advertise to vote for them or their ideas as in ASSAI and some other countries. Critics feel this can focus more on image than on issues, and voters concentrate on the emotional parts ignoring the critical differences Directory advertising helps people in how to buy products and services e. G. Yellow Pages Direct-Response advertising can use any medium including Direct mail and tries to stimulate sales directly and Internet helps here How Ad Agencies are Organized Account Management acts as liaison be;en the client and the agency. Once the client establishes the guidelines for a campaign and perhaps even one advertisement, accounts management handles day-to-day progress Creative Development and Production includes copy,’rites, art directors, producers, master creators, coaches, etc Media Planning and Buying – plans, buys and researches on the use of different media Account Planning and Research act as strategic specialists who prepare recommendations about consumers wants, needs and relationship to the client’s brand, and how advertising should work to satisfy those needs Internal Services includes traffic department, print production, financial services, and human resources or personnel a-to-8 Advertising and Institutional Advertising B-to-B includes messages directed to retailers, wholesalers, and distributors and also to industrial purchasers, professionals like lawyers, physicians but not to general consumers through professional journals This is also called corporate advertising and aims to establish corporate identity or winning public over to the company’s point of view e. G. Tobacco companies are running ads on positive things they are doing, also ads for pharmacy companies Public Service / Interactive In Public Service Announcements (AAAS) the message is on behalf of good causes like stopping drunk driving or preventing child abuse. These ads are usually created by ad professionals free of charge and the media often donate space and time Interactive advertising is delivered to individual consumers who have access to computer and intern et. How to cite Advertising Principles And Practice, Papers

PESTLE Analysis of Hospital Industry †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the PESTLE Analysis of Hospital Industry. Answer: Introduction With the changes in economic and complex business structure, each and every organization is using effective strategic planning method. However, the strategic planning for the organization is highly based on the social, political, economic, legal and technological factors. It is observed that Strategic cost management is a wider term with wider aspects that refer to reducing total costs and increasing total value of the business or strategic position of the business. To achieve that strategic position, an organization needs to find out the importance of each cost. They have to identify that which cost is important to the organization that actually add to the profits of the business and which cost is weak in nature that can be avoidable in nature. This report focuses on the hospital organization and proper Pestle analyses have been taken to evaluate the business performance and quality of the services offered by the organization. In this report, Bethesda hospitals from the Australian h ospital industry have been selected. This hospital business and other factors will be assessed in this report to determine its strategic performance and business situation in the Australian hospital industry. This Australian hospital industry is a broad industry that is really achieving good growth. If they have to decrease their strategic costs then they need to do a proper analysis of the competitors and several factors that affect the operations of the organization. Bethesda hospital is the very renowned private surgical hospital that provides treatment of many diseases to their patients like urology, Gynecology, plastic surgery, pain management and general surgery. It is located in Queensland. Major competition for Bethesda hospital is the other general hospitals that are providing same facilities to their customers at a cheap rate. Galindo Martin Nissan, 2010). These hospitals are Royal Adelaide hospital, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Princess Alexandra hospital. Bethesda hospital was found 125 years ago. They provide acute- level health care to their patients as well as treat injuries and illness also that has a long-term effect. In case of long-term acute care patients, the treatment is divided into two parts. Firstly they provide hospital-level care to the patients and afterward rehabilitation care has been given to them. They support their patients in social, mental, psychological, spiritual and physical needs. (Ansari, 2010)They prov ide special care to the patients who are suffering from neurovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses, complex medical problems and physical and behavioral disabilities because these diseases need special care. Further medical treatments and behavioral management have been done to them. This hospital has been gaining momentum throughout the time by using its advance treatment care services. However, the main focus of the company is to deliver the best level of treatment for the patients and consistently increasing their satisfaction level. The vision of Bethesda hospital The main mission of the hospital is to build an effective hospital program for the patients suffering from neurovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses, complex medical problems and physical and behavioral disabilities. It has also developed facility dedicated to physician training program with the state of art technologies. It will give a new opportunity to the students to learn advanced and new training program for the patients care. It has the mission to develop a people-centric district health service in the Bethesda catchment area where everyone could grab equal access to quality and comprehensive district health services. The core value of Bethesda hospital is accompanied by following factors such as open communication, advance treatment, innovative technologies and commitment to performance to render best patients care services (Moro Visconti, 2016). Research Analysis `There is a trend of Globalization and due to that; the competition within the industry is getting tougher. In hospital industry of Australia also, a lot of competition exists. There are so many technological changes and because of that, every hospital has to create new technological advancement into hospitals also (Etienne, et al. 2014). In Australia, the general hospital is on its growth stage. Funding of public hospitals has been done by state and federal governments and private hospitals generate their funds from the health services provided to patients and patient fees. It has been noticed that in some past years, the number of patients has been increased due to the quality of services they provide and some of them have opted for membership under private health insurance. The revenue of the whole industry was $52.9 billion; the number of workers was $13000. Employment opportunities in hospital industry are also increasing in the country. (Chung, Gaynor and Richards-Shubik, 2016) There are some other services too like there is an administrator in the hospital who is always presented in the hospital. There is a common desk number on which he is available to the patients and their families. They have an ATM machine in their hospital to provide convenience to the customers. There are some special services too like valet parking, internet access, financial assistance, and barber. These are the recent industry benchmarks as these services are provided by all the other similar hospitals. There are various suppliers for the industry who provides basic hospital things to the hospitals. There are some medical equipment companies who produce several machines. So they provide all the necessary equipment to the hospital. (Campbell, 2017) However, with a view to analysis, all the external factors of the Bethesda hospital proper PESTEL analysis have been implemented. This analysis will assist in identifying all the influential factors which Bethesda hospital could undertake before formulating the business strategies. PESTEL analysis of Hospital Industry PESTEL analysis refers to the analysis of the political, economic, social, technological and legal system of a country in concern to a particular industry or any organization (Nolan, 2015). Political factors- There are different political factors that can hamper the operations of hospital industry. There are many government policies in reference to the level of intervention in the country. Sometimes government controls the supply of goods and raw material. In Australia, the political environment is quite open and stable. It is important for all the hospitals in Queensland to get the hospital licenses from Queensland Health Private Hospitals Regulatory Unit as they are responsible to authorize the operations of the hospital. (McDermott, Cashore and Kanowski, 2011). However, after analyzing the political environment of Australia, it is observed that the political situation of the country is too stable and it reflects positive indicator for the effective business performance of Hospital industry. Australia is the independent nation that belongs to the commonwealth (Benzi, and Mastroianni, 2016). The political condition of Australia is very positive which may play a positiv e indicator for the Hospital industry for running their business effectively. It is observed that hospital in the hospital industry could use these political factors to improve its existing business and expand its business. However, there is the requirement to take the renewal of licenses yearly. Each and every doctors and nurse working in the hospitals should be qualified for their position. In addition to this, emergency services of the Hospital industry will be provided to the patients for 24* 7 hours as per the government guidelines and rules (Larkin, 2016). Technological factors- As per market research, it has been observed that there is a need for the integrated healthcare system and easy accessibility of data. Data of the hospitals is confidential and there is always a concern regarding the confidentiality, safety, and security of data. There are many new technologies that have been come in past decade so it is necessary to adopt this technology. There is a technique called cyber psychology that focused on to make clinical change and infrastructure of technology parallel in hospital industry (Mohanan Nair Vijayachandran Pillai, 2009). It is observed that the people in Australia are more inclined towards the advanced technologies. It is analyzed that the Hospital industry needs to adopt newly advance technologies and machines in the patient care treatments. If hospital industry has installed advanced technologies and system then it will increase the quality of the services and advance work system of the organization. The changing patt ern of disease and improvement in medical and communication technologies are contributing to the momentum for a new approach which ensures the responsive demand of the 21st century in the hospital and care industry. The patients care for neurovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses, complex medical problems and physical and behavioral disabilities could be treated by the advanced machines and treatments. However, several other organizations such as Royal Adelaide Hospital, Melbourne hospital, and other big hospitals are using advance international machines and technologies to treat their patients. If hospitals in the Australia do not install advanced technologies in its hospital care process then it may negatively impact its hospital care services. Nonetheless, the cyber computing system is ideally used by the healthcare organization in the project management and development of the data storage system of the clients (Boyes, Aylott, 2017). Environmental- There is a focus on Go Green as pollution has been released by many industries that are really harmful (Igli?ski, et al. 2016). It has been suggested all the hospitals in Australia need to use energy-efficient lighting and backup generators so they can be used at the time of emergency. There are many initiatives has been taken by the hospital to create a common policy for dumping the hospital wastes in an effective way because hospital waste is hazardous in nature. The environmental situation of Australia is very positive and central Australia has the dry climate which may result in increased number patients. The management of the hospitals in Australia needs to implement proper strategic plans and procedure to mitigate the possible health care problems and issues. The department of the environment of Australia has set up several rules and regulation to maintain the clean environment. However, hospitals in Australia need to assess the factors and enlighten its business process and environmental programs. This hospital has already taken the licenses and permits from the federal department of the environment for its care services. However, the importing of drugs from the other country such as hazardous chemicals and drugs will pass through after taking proper approval from the government (Adewunmi, 2014). Social The social factors is determined on the basis of the values, belief, perception, and outcomes of the patients in Australia. It is observed that the people in Australia are more inclined towards the sophisticated and advanced technologies for their treatments. However, the management committee of the hospital industry has been formulating the business process management program with a view to satisfying patients' needs and increasing their satisfaction level (Mohanan and Vijayachandran Pillai, 2009). The Wards developed X-ray machines and operating theaters of the hospitals have been designed in such a way which could add value to the treatment of the patients in an effective manner. However, with the strength of the 200 staff members and more than 30 doctors' team, the hospital has formulated a proper health care chain (Beserra, et al. 2017). Patients want to treat their diseases from the hospital that have expert's doctors and highly advance technologies and machines in thei r healthcare process. All the hospitals have developed the strong brand image in Australia for the treatment of neurovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses, complex medical problems and physical and behavioral disabilities and also earned a good value after the successful number of patient's treatment. Hospitals in Australia seek to deliver its mission in the framework of strong faith-based value and with the assistance of the dedicated staff team members it has been providing advanced treatment for the betterment of the patients at large. Nonetheless, in Australia, Universal health system board provides support to the patients for their treatment. Therefore, hospitals in Australia have to set up the direct link with the Universal health system board for the improvement of the existing work performance and increase the value of the patients by rendering the best quality of the treatment (CHISWELL, COOPER, and PACKHAM, 2015). Economical- As per the statistical data of Australia, the GDP of Australia per capital is 49,927.82 USD (2016) which is 2.7% higher as compared to last three year data. However, the GDP rate of the country is 2.8% which reflects that purchasing power of the people in Australia is consistently increasing their income and expenditure. Nonetheless, the public healthcare industry has the overall turnover of the $192 billion in 2016 which is 5% of the overall GDP of the country (Gehanno, et al. (2009). It has been observed that all the hospitals in Australia have to set up strong with the advancement of the technologies and effective healthcare treatment at large. The growth in the health spending in the country is slowly but in context with the GDP rate, it is consistently rising. As per the government data, it is observed that the government of Australia contributing the ($44.4bn) to the health expenditure of the country. This shows that Australian government is also endeavoring towards supporting patients to take their treatment from the Australian public healthcare organization instead of tapping international hospitals at large (Visconti, Do?, and Gurgun, 2017). Legal factors- After analyzing the government statistical data, it is observed that with the increased use of advanced technologies revolutionizing modern medical practice. Hospitals in Australia are required to uphold high standards for protecting the patients privacy and increasing the value of the patients. All the drugs imported by the hospitals in Australia from the outside countries and machines needs be undergone from the healthcare department of Australia. However, all the healthcare organizations need to comply with the Australian Information Commissioner'sPound Road Medical Centre for the privacy of the data records of the patients. It is considered that all the hospitals in Australia have complied with the all the applicable rules and regulation while rendering the health care services to its clients (Hamdan, 2017). Recommendation All the healthcare facilities in the hospital operations should have proper or appropriate physical environment The proper advance communication cyber system should be used to implement proper strategic plans to increase the overall outcomes and efficiency for the health care services for the patients of the hospitals. Health facilities need well trained and motivated staff members who could provide 24*7 care services to patients. Setting measure for the quality and safety program which could track the progress of the quality improvement of the health care services program of the hospitals. All the hospitals in Australia should use proper Six Sigma five-phased process to improve their existing health care program for the betterment of the patients care services. Implementation of the protocol and adapting the organization culture and work system as per the needs and demand of the patients. Setting strategic alliance with the government and other supporting bodies to promote the patient treatment with the government intervention support. Set new norms and health care policies for the better treatment of the patients in determined approach. Implementation of the cyber computing system and analytical work program to implement proper health care functioning for the better and efficient treatment of the patients in Australia. Hospitals need to the integrated healthcare system and easy accessibility of data. Data of the hospitals is confidential and there is always a concern regarding the confidentiality, safety, and security of data. Hospitals should follow common policy for dumping the hospital wastes in an effective way because hospital waste is hazardous in nature. Proper arrangement and advanced technologies should be installed in the hospital premises so that patients will not be asked to go outside for the further checkup and treatment. Referencing Adewunmi, A. 2014. A Critical Appraisal of the Summary Care Record (SRC) Scheme in England: Medway Maritime Hospital Case Study. Ansari, S. 2010.Target Costing. LaVergne, Tenn.: Mountain Valley Publ. Benzi, J. R. D. L., and Mastroianni, P. D. C. 2016. Analysis of extemporaneous oral liquid from commercially available drugs in hospital.Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,52(3), 517-525. Beserra, M. P. P., de Oliveira, C. L. C. G., Portela, M. P., de Oliveira Lopes, M. V.and de Frana Fonteles, M. M. 2017. Medicines via enteral feeding tubes in inpatients: dispersion analysis and safe use of dispensers.Nutricion hospitalaria,34(2), 257-263. Boyes, S., and Aylott, J. 2017. Effective Hospital Leadership: Theory and Practice. InWhy Hospitals Fail(pp. 69-79). Springer, Cham. Campbell, P. 2017.A Quick Start Guide to Financial Forecasting. Ashland, UNITED STATES: Grow Succeed Publishing Llc. CHISWELL, C., COOPER, R. and PACKHAM, C., 2015. Healthcare public health.Practicing Public Health: A Guide to Examinations and Workplace Application, p.45. Chung, A., Gaynor, M., and Richards-Shubik, S. 2016.Subsidies and Structure. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research. Etienne, M., Lefebvre, E., Frebourg, N., Hamel, H., Pestel-Caron, M., and Caron, F. 2014. Antibiotic treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis based on rapid urine test and local epidemiology: lessons from a primary care series.BMC infectious diseases,14(1), 137. Galindo Martin, M., Nissan, E. 2010.International political economy. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. Gehanno, J. F., Louvel, A., Nouvellon, M., Caillard, J. F., and Pestel-Caron, M. 2009. Aerial dispersal of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital rooms by infected or colonised patients.Journal of Hospital Infection,71(3), 256-262. Hamdan, A.L., 2017.Strategic Thinking in a Hospital Setting. Springer. Igli?ski, B., Igli?ska, A., Cichosz, M., Kujawski, W., and Buczkowski, R. 2016. Renewable energy production in the ?dzkie Voivodeship. The PEST analysis of the RES in the voivodeship and in Poland.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,58, 737-750. Larkin, S. 2016. Implementing Coaching to Facilitate the Development of Leadership Competencies Within a Dublin Academic Teaching Hospital (DATHs). McDermott, C., Cashore, B., Kanowski, P. (2011).Global environmental forest policies. London: Routledge. Mohanan Nair, V., and Vijayachandran Pillai, B. 2009.Hospital industry. Ambala Cantt., India: Associated Publishers. Moro Visconti, R. 2016. Healthcare public-private partnerships in Italy: Assessing risk sharing and governance issues with PESTLE and SWOT analysis.Since empirical considerations about Italy may be globally extended, even beyond the healthcare industry, the audience of this study may conveniently widen well beyond its apparently narrow focus. Nolan, P. G. 2015. Planned implementation of an integrated Cardiovascular Information System in an Acute Hospital Group. Visconti, R.M., Do?, A. and Gurgun, A.P., 2017. PublicPrivate Partnerships for Sustainable Healthcare in Emerging Economies. InThe Emerald Handbook of PublicPrivate Partnerships in Developing and Emerging Economies: Perspectives on Public Policy, Entrepreneurship and Poverty(pp. 407-437). Emerald Publishing Limited.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Apparel Industry

CSR- History and Introduction Over the years, there has been contention among scholars and industry experts on what exactly CSR means. Unfortunately, the contention and the debate that ensues have not resulted in a standard definition yet. Consequently, different people have different definitions of the term, and some scholars have even accused some researchers of distorting the CSR concept, so much that, it has become â€Å"morally vacuous, conceptually meaningless, and utterly unrecognizable† (Orlitzky 48).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Corporate Social Responsibility and Apparel Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although scholars argue that CSR dates back to the 1920s, its first conceptualization in literature began in 1953, when Howard Bowen, an American Economist stated that organizations had a social obligation â€Å"to pursue those policies, to make those decisions, or to follow thos e lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values or our society† (Bowen cited by Maignan and Ferrell 4). Following the conceptualization of CSR by Bowen in the 1950s, other CSR-related concepts such as corporate citizenship, social audits and corporate stewardship came into focus (Maignan and Ferrell 4). From the 1960s onwards, scholars and researchers have been more concerned about defining the CSR concept. Defining Sustainability and CSR The 1987 Brundlandt report closely ties sustainability to the sustainable yields concept. Specifically, the report argues that â€Å"sustainable yields development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†. In other words, the Brundlandt report argues that sustainability is possible if the organizations (and humankind in general) consider the social, economical and ecological aspects similarly. According to the report, organizations need to be responsible for their actions and inaction in both the short-term and long-term; if at all sustainability is to be attained. The report posits that the present action or inaction by organizations have an impact not only on its stakeholders, but also on the larger humankind with the inclusion of future generations. Even though there is no standard definition of CSR, a literature review conducted by Dahlsrud reveals that a definition by the Commission of the European Communities is the most prevalent in literature. The Commission defines CSR as â€Å"a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis† (Dahlsrud 7). Among other terms that are popular in CSR definition include adhering to ethical values, complying with legal requirements, respecting communities, the environment and people, and contributing to the quality of life of the stakeholders and the l arger communities. Among the vital indicators that come out of the CSR literature is the fact that organizations should not just pursue profitability without paying attention to the effect that their activities have on the employees, shareholders, communities, and the environment.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The importance of CSR for Textile and Apparel Industry The textile and apparel industry has an infamous reputation for its use of cheap labor often sourced from overworked employees or underage workers. Most notable is the fact that most such industries are now in developing countries where labor laws are virtually non-existent, while unemployment rates are remarkably high. Such combination of factors means that organizations can maximize output by overworking employees who are desperate to eke out a living in whatever way, and compensating them with relatively low wages. The lack of legal and political frameworks in developing countries means that major players in the textile and apparel industry need to take the CSR initiatives a notch higher in order to cover for the management gap created by such legal and political inadequacies. After all, (Maignan and Ferrell 4) indicate that CSR operates outside the legal entitlement of an organization, and is usually voluntary in nature. Why is CSR needed? The need for CSR in the textile and apparel industry is underscored by the fact that in view of the lacking political, social and legal guidelines, the organizations operating in the industry have societal obligations that they need to meet. Notably, the need for such organizations to deliver societal values amidst high levels of poverty and insecurity where their business interests are located cannot be overemphasized. Besides, the CSR hype has alerted employees, government, consumers and larger societies of the social responsibilities that orga nizations have towards them. Hence, adopting CSR initiatives serves the strategic business interests of organizations operating in the apparel and textile industry since it enables organizations to forge good and beneficial relationships with not only the employees, but also governments, non-government organizations and consumers. The nature of fashion industry The nature of the fashion industry is such that there are high lead times that require organizations to produce fashionable clothes at relatively low costs. The CSR in the fashion industry is therefore more focused on the production processes whose end results are the clothes people dress in. To this end, (Dickson and Eckman 188) argues that CSR in the fashion industry is â€Å"an orientation encompassing the environment, its people, the apparel/textile products†¦ and the systematic impact that production, marketing and consumption†¦has on multiple stakeholders and the environment†. Among the key factors that influence CSR in the fashion industry include the production of raw materials at the farm level, the production processes at the firm level, and the operational factors such as sweatshop and child labor.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Corporate Social Responsibility and Apparel Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the environmental front, the extensive exploitation of natural resources such as water and farm land, and the use of chemical products impact negatively on the environment. Companies that have embraced CSR in the fashion industry therefore seek to address such issues though responsible and sustainable initiatives. The background: conditions that propel companies to take sustainability into consideration In literature, there are two basic reasons that propel companies to take sustainability into consideration: (I) the need to look good in the eyes of the employees, the consumers and other stakeholders; and (II) A genuine need to do well, and contribute to the welfare of all stakeholders affected by what the organization does. In the first instance, organizations find adopting CSR initiatives necessary due to the reputational risk that comes with non-adoption. In the Nike case (explained elsewhere) for example, the firm was criticized for the use of child labor in its value chain, and the effect of such criticism in its sales volume in 2004 was far-reaching. Internally, companies with a good social responsibility reputation are able to attract and retain employees more, while investors are willing to invest in such firms. In the second instance however, organizations adopt CSR/sustainability simply because â€Å"it is the right thing to do†. The evolution of company’s initiatives- from merely safe guarding image to integrating it as part of their business strategy CSR is no longer part of public relations practices for organizations. Rather, CSR is now being incorporated as part of the business strategy that organizations take. In the past, firms focused more in corporate communications and corporate philanthropy; nowadays however, CSR is viewed as an important differentiation tool especially in the competitive markets. As Gildea notes, the consumers is at the middle of the revolution since contemporary purchasers boycott goods or services whose production harms the people, the society or the environmental resources (Gildea 21). Public pressure Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been on the fore front mobilizing and applying pressure on companies that violate what is considered as socially responsible/sustainable production or manufacturing processes. Among the most effective public pressure means are consumer boycotts. A 1990 article in the Economist, for example stated that â€Å"pressure groups are besieging American companies, politicizing business and often presenting executives with impossible choices.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consumer boycotts are becoming an epidemic for one simple reason: they work† (The Economist 69). The public pressure through boycott is usually marked by negative publicity focusing on what a firm did or failed to do, and such sentiments usually affect its sales volumes and profitability. The public pressure is intended to coerce targeted companies to change their policies regarding an issue; or to communicate displeasure regarding how the target firm is handling an issue. Global Sourcing Shift The global sourcing shift is a product of globalization, where branded apparel manufacturers, lead firms, marketers and retailers in developed countries have all turned to bulk importation of their products from global suppliers, usually in developing countries (Gereffi 1). Social and economic impact on countries It has been argued that the relocation of apparel manufacturing industries to countries with cheap labor tantamount to moving jobs that would otherwise benefit local population s abroad. Incidentally, firms that have relocated their production to cheaper destinations usually have their largest markets in the same destinations they re-located from. On the counter side however, developing countries where such factories are located benefit from foreign direct investments that creates jobs and earns such countries foreign exchange revenue from exports. However, such countries are now being forced to play catch-up with the developed countries as far as labor and environment-related laws are concerned. Walmart The catalyst of the Walmart’s Sustainability strategy A report by the Stanford Graduate School of Business indicates that the Sustainable Value Networks (SVNs) adopted by Walmart acts as catalysts to the chain store’s sustainability strategy. Through the SVNs, Walmart is able to focus on specific areas in its supply chain such as food packaging, transportation or buildings among others. The chain store identifies and develops any change that may improve sustainability in focus areas. Through the SNVs, Walmart identifies areas where it can enhance efficiency and/or reduce waste either single handedly or through engagement with its suppliers and other stakeholders. The details of the strategy – specifically to textile and apparel In the textile and apparel industry, the SNVs strategy in Walmart entails extensive life-cycle analyses done on the apparel production processes with the intention of understanding the exact impact that such processes have on the environment. According to the report by the Stanford Graduate School of Business (6), it was found that â€Å"soap was responsible for an alarming level of greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to the palm oil used in soap products†. Consequently, Walmart started working with suppliers in view of introducing the sustainable use of palm oil in soap products. Walmart and Patagonia In 2010, news broke that Walmart and Patagonia were partnering in order to he lp the former â€Å"move up the sustainable business learning curve fast† (Kimball n.pg.). Through the partnership, Patagonia would help Walmart in developing a sustainability index for its products like it (Patagonia) had done with other entities such as Nike and North Face. As Walmart sought to introduce a scorecard to rate all its products on social impact and eco-friendliness, Patagonia seemed like the most ideal partner (Kimball). It is worth noting that Patagonia is revered as a leader in sustainable business practices. Progress- result In just one year, the Walmart-Pantagonia partnership has opened up to include other players in the apparel industry leading to the formation of the Sustainable Apparel Coalition (SAC). SAC has 40 members, who include industry heavy weights such as Patagonia, Walmart, Nike, Gap, and JC Penney among others. Together, the 40 member in SAC came up with the Sustainable Apparel Index, which is defined as an â€Å"Industry-wide tool for measur ing the environmental and social performance of apparel products and the supply chains that produces them† (Kirsten n.pg.). Through the index, the SAC members hope to promote efficient use of water and energy; less use of chemicals; less waste production; and enhance the working conditions in the apparel industry (Kirsten). Nike The initiatives that Nike have undertaken Ever since the 1990s when Nokia took a hit from consumer boycotts and other forms of public pressure for the alleged use of child labor and sweatshop conditions by some of its suppliers in Asia, the company has taken up CSR initiatives to remedy its dented image. Key among such initiatives was the introduction of a Code of Conduct, which the company demanded that all its suppliers should abide to (Locke, Qin and Brause 8). The company has further put the minimum age for workers to 18 years, and insists that the indoor air quality in all its supplier factories must meet the ‘Occupational Safety and Health Administration’ (OSHA) standards as used in the US. To boost compliance, (Locke et al. 9) observe that the company trains its suppliers, and has put together a team that monitors compliance in 21 countries. By 2008, Nike has a further 1,000 production specialists employed to work with its suppliers globally for purposes of enhancing compliance to the Code of Conduct. But perhaps the most significant CSR initiatives by Nike are in the auditing systems, which include: (I) ‘Environment, Safety and Health (SHAPE) audit’; (II) ‘Management and Working Conditions Audit (M-Audit)’; and (III) annual inspections by the ‘Fair Labor Association (FLA)’ (Locke et al. 9). The minimal impact in monitoring While monitoring is one way of ensuring compliance of CSR and sustainability initiatives along the supply chain, its impact is often cited as inadequate (May, Cheney and Roper 413). In the apparel industry for example, questions are raised about whethe r CSR should just stop at ensuring that underage labor is not used, or whether organizations should go a step further and ensure that children go back to school. Enforcing/ Monitoring CSR initiatives Enforcing and monitoring of CSR and sustainability initiatives have been the subject of countless debates, both at the organizational level and on other social levels (May et al. 413). The European Union for example founded the ‘Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI)’ for purpose of monitoring how organizations complied with established social standards. The monitoring is either scheduled or impromptu. While the enforcement of CSR initiatives especially in the Apparel industry is left to individual companies, monitoring is conducted by accredited monitors or independent monitoring agencies. Lack of effectiveness The lack of effectiveness in enforcement and monitoring of CSR initiatives is persistent in the apparel industry. Companies which shadow dress their productio n processes in order to create a positive feedback usually improve the working conditions whenever a scheduled audit is about to happen. To increase effectiveness in enforcement and monitoring of CSR initiatives it is recommended that auditors should make impromptu visit to companies, establish complaint procedures for employees and other stakeholders, establish contact with local government agencies, and check and audit the company records regularly. Conclusion Summary Generally, CSR initiatives lead to better working conditions for employees, cleaner production processes, energy efficiency and enhanced employee and consumer loyalty. Hence, organizations not only reap direct and indirect benefits from the CSR initiatives. Suppliers in the apparel industry are for example able to attract big clients and even financiers who are keen to protect their brand reputations. In the end, CSR becomes a business strategy, which effectively increases the gross returns in firms in the apparel in dustry. Challenges still faced One of the major challenges in CSR is contained in the fact that the concept is more of a fad than the reality in most contemporary firms. Hence, firms attempt to ‘look good’ by claiming to adopt CSR/sustainability initiatives, while the reality may be completely different. Additionally, the imprecise definition of the CSR concept may mean that different firms adopt different CSR initiatives, which as (May et al. 413) observe, may not be sufficient enough to address the contradictions caused by capitalism on societies. In the apparel industry for example, CSR may not be able to compensate indigenous people who have been of the receiving end of poor working environments, poor pay, long working hours and victimization at the work place. Recommendations Awareness creation regarding CSR practices and issues is needed if at all companies regardless of their sizes or financial positions are to benefit from the concept. Additionally, solutions to the different challenges facing the textile and apparel industry need to be found. For example, the competing codes of conducts need to be rationalized. Lastly, (May et al. 413) observe that implementation and evaluation of CSR initiatives is always done away from the public eye, and this may create room for organizations to whitewash their activities by initiating programs, which are never followed up, or implemented to the full. In future, the implementation and evaluation of such initiatives should be conducted in a transparent manner. Works Cited Dahlsrud, Alexander. â€Å"How Corporate Social responsibility is defined: an Analysis of 37 Definitions.† Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15 (2008): 1-13. Print. Dickson, Marsha and Eckman Molly. â€Å"Social Responsibility: The Concept as Defined by Apparel and Textile Scholars.† Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 24 (2006): 178-191. Print. Gereffi, Gary. â€Å"Global Sourcing in the U.S. Apparel Industry.† Journal of Textile and Apparel, technology and Management, 2.1 (2001):1-5. Print. Gildea, Robert L. â€Å"Consumer Survey Confirms Corporate Social Action Affects Buying Decisions.† Public Relations Quarterly, 39 (1994-95): 20-22. Print. Kimball, Jay. â€Å"Walmart Partnering with Patagonia on Sustainable Business Practices.† 8020 Vision, 01 Jul. 2010. Web. Kirsten, Ann. â€Å"Promoting Sustainable Apparel.† Katerva, 2 Aug. 2011. Web. Locke, Richard, Qin Fei and Brause, Alberto. â€Å"Does Monitoring Improve Labor Standards? Lessons from Nike.† Industrial and Labor relations Review, 61.1(2007): 3-31. Print. Maignan, Isabell and Ferrell O.C. (2004). â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility and Marketing: An Integrative Framework.† Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32.1(2004): 3-19. Print. May, Steve Kent, Cheney George and Roper Juliet. The Debate over Corporate Social Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University P ress, 2007. Print. Orlitzky, Mark. â€Å"Payoffs to Social and Environmental Performance.† Journal of Investing, 14.3 (2005):48-51. Print. Stanford Graduate School of Business. â€Å"Walmart’s Sustainability Strategy (B): 2010 Update.† (2010):1-21. Print. The Economist. â€Å"Boycotting Corporate America.† The Economist, 26 May (1990): 69-70. Print. This term paper on Corporate Social Responsibility and Apparel Industry was written and submitted by user Braxton House to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Watch the Worlds Longest Book DominoChain

Watch the Worlds Longest Book DominoChain Last month the public library of very own hometown, Seattle, broke the world record for the worlds longest book domino chain. Check it out! It took twenty-seven volunteers, seven hours, and five attempts in all, but on May 31st at approximately 11pm the Seattle Public Library successfully toppled 2,131 books, domino style. The awesome number of books used allowed the library staff to get creative with the pathway, too, as books climbed ramps, scaled stairs, and at one point spilled across the floor to spell READ in giant letters. The books truly seem to have a life of their own  as they bypass scenes like a couple sharing a picnic and a woman reading on the beach. In truth, these books were actually given a second life, as all of them had been retired and donated to the library. Now that theyve had their moment in the spotlight, though, all should find a new home, thanks to the librarys ingenious way of getting the books back out there for public consumption: Books used in the record-setting event can be purchased at upcoming Friends of The Seattle Public Library book sales. Each book will have a special sticker identifying that it helped set the book domino world record, as well as the Web address so the book buyer can watch the video. Hopefully this attention-grabbing kickoff to the Seattle Public Librarys summer reading program will have a domino effect on the popularity of reading worldwide. Kudos to the two college students who masterminded the entire event:  Laura DAsaro and  Luke Greenway of Harvard University and Middlebury College.

Diets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Diets - Essay Example People with diseases such as diabetes need to refrain from eating a lot of carbohydrates. Rather, they should eat more whole grain, eat more poultry and fish and not red meat as well as reduce the amount of sugar they take in their body. They should refrain from eating or drinking food or drinks containing high levels of sodium (Chatham, 2012). Discuss Domino Effect (this is what I call this – this term is not in the text). How will not taking any measures versus taking action discussed for those items you discuss affect your health in the long term. Eating of fatty foods, less fruits and vegetables as well as increased amount of carbohydrates and sugar will lead to an increase in the calories in the body. It will also change the insulin and glucose level in the body leading to diabetes. This unhealthy eating and diet combined with the lack of exercise with increase fat in the blood vessels preventing the heart from pumping blood and this leads to cardiovascular diseases hence causing short life time. The domino effects comes in where the unhealthy eating habits and lack of exercise cause the body not to function properly and the systems of the body like the cardiovascular system start crashing. If however the diet mentioned above is maintained combined with regular exercises, then long life is bound to be

Discuss the evolution of CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Discuss the evolution of CSR - Essay Example 14). Businesses have traditionally been known to exist for the key purpose of making profits. However, from as early as the start of the 20th century, entrepreneurs, mostly in the Unites States, recognised the importance of using resources in ways that would benefit both their businesses as well as the societies they worked with (Brewerton & Millward 2001, p. 76). As the idea gradually took root over two decades later, more organizations saw the significance of the entire business behaving in ways that were considered responsible socially, just like it applies to individual citizens. Although not evenly developed globally, the concept of CSR is becoming a key feature of organizations in regions that embrace it as it penetrates corporate consciousness and culture (Visser, Dirk & Manfred 2007, p. 69). That aspect has called for studies that examine its history, societal roles especially in times of crises and where is heading to. This paper will outline and discuss the evolution of CSR . It will include its history, role in the financial crisis and its prospects for the future, supported by examples. One rationale behind the genesis of SCR was the assumption that some theorists have termed wrong; that which perceived businesses as solely money-making organisations for the owners (Dincer & Dincer 2007, p 44). This assumption supported the idea that those who engaged in business only had personal and selfish interests. The implication was that it was up to consumers to assume the role of caring for the society’s welfare and take actions that support their interests (Dincer & Dincer 2007, p 46). However, most entrepreneurs recognise that while that still remains a real reason for the presence of their business in the society, they are also aware that they came together to collectively achieve what they could not as individuals. This perspective added a new objective to their reasons of existence; that of contributing to a society without which they could not s urvive. This awareness is embedded in the fact that the businesses only exist when there are societies to produce goods and services for; to produce raw materials for the businesses; and to offer a labour force in the businesses (Bhattacharya, Sankar & Korschun 2011, p. 83). However, the concept of giving back to society as initiated by the American businessmen at the start of the 20th century had to be abandoned in the advent of the early 1930s’ Great Depression. At that time, the only goal for businesses became to survive, while citizens only needed an employment that generated income. Then in 1939, a co-founder of the largely successful Hewlett Packard rekindled the need for companies to value to their existence and that of the societies, which took a slow start due to WWII and was later revived in the 1950s (Morrison, R 2008, p. 9). His opinion was that consumers will only be condescending to products that in turn support noble causes, charity and the environment. The rev ival is believed by some theorist to have resulted from a global corporation by regions that backed each other during the course of WWII and the recovery period that followed. By the 1980s, CSR was already a vital aspect of modern business and supporting

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Law - Essay Example There has been no clear cut reason for the separation. The division appears to be more of prestige issue and professionally it is becoming an embarrassment to offer the excuse that the barrister performs a specialized or more professional role. Periodical studies highlight issues that throw the explanation of specialized roles of barristers in poor light (Cohen, Professor Harry; p11). Simply put, solicitors form the backbone of U.K.’s legal system. They come in direct contact with the public who come to them for all legal advises from litigation to commercial work. Litigation forms just a small part of the solicitor’s work that involves â€Å"commercial transactions, corporate matters, land, share and other property dealings† (Legal professionals: barristers, solicitors, executives; 1998). In order to become a solicitor, it is necessary to take a one-year Legal Practice Course (LPC). There are over 30 institutions throughout England who offer the LPC. Thereafter, the law student has to obtain a two-years training contract with a solicitors’ firm (The Legal Professions). Professionally, a solicitor must be a member of the Law Society which oversees his training, practice and the Society also takes up complaints made against the solicitor (Legal professionals: barristers, solicitors, executives; 1998). The role of the solicitor came into existence in 1823 when ‘The London Law Institution’ was formed by several prominent barristers. The name of this institution changed to ‘The Law Society’ in 1903. Women and ethnic minorities were not allowed to be members of the Law Society in those days. Now, half of the legal force in the U.K. comprises women (The Law Society, 2010). The closeness of the solicitors to people and corporations and their distinct efficiencies has enabled them to grow and flourish as individuals or firms. Solicitors have the potential to grow

Leadership is a critical management skill in various organizations

Leadership is a critical management skill in various organizations Introduction Leadership is as a critical management skill in various organizations, which influences and motivates a group toward the achievement of organizational goals (Rafferty Griffin 2004). One of the greatest assets of an organization is that strong managers create an environment to encourage members and motivate their high energy (Taggart, 1989). It is highlighted that leadership is an influence relationship between leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. Effective leadership has drawn great attention from organization management in recent years due to its contribution to organizations competitive advantage. Leadership is become very much on every managers mind today in organizations. Originations are struggling due to the increasingly dynamic environment. As the challenges of leading and managing increase, leaders of organizations need to understand process, skills and knowledge to perform leader functions effectively. The most important reason for the position of a leader is to create a group of people to deliver desirable sales as unprofitable sales is a leaders biggest nightmare. Numeral reasons that can lead to undesirable sales include competitive market conditions, poor cooperation, strategies and decisions from the team or that the product is too expensive or not unique enough compared to other rival products (Robbins, 2005). Although certain circumstances are beyond control such as poor market conditions or a weak team, others are possible to have control over such as product exclusivity or special features and this is where the job of a capable leader comes in. Capable leaders are constantly pressured in searching for solutions that produce more results but equipped with depleting resources such as team members and budgets. However, it does not require much, only a new perspective to fully utilize each and every member of the team without overworking them or the budget. Open-minded leaders always have the upper hand as new methods and solutions can be created to increase sales. Some of the issues that arise are as follows: Getting fresh clients Boosting profits on advertising Inability to regularly reach expected sales revenue Shorten long tedious sale cycles Maintaining the effort input of the sales team Growing expenses to support a productive and efficient team Reduced margins due to increasing demands to discount Sustaining and expanding diminishing major accounts Rising inability to accurately predict sales revenue Inexperience and lack of knowledge of the products involved Recruiting and sustaining effective employees Constant decrease of market share Rising customer demands and decreasing consumer satisfaction Growing amount and aggressive rivals and reduced sales compared to them Dealing with salesperson who have no proper strategies in securing sales and poor time management Rationalization of the worlds economy Getting rid of the repeated occurrence of reduced margins due to desperate attempts of making sales towards the end of a sales quarter Rising amount of sales attempts that go unfinished Getting the exact requirements and needs from customers when purchasing products is progressively difficult Completing the whole process of buying and securing sales as fast as possible is increasingly difficult Having to constantly help and motivate team members that have little enthusiasm, drive and attention Salesperson that are investing too much time and effort into devising proposal for possible customers that have no genuine interest in purchasing from them Constant feedback from customers that claims our rivals are able to perform faster and cheaper it is harder to make sales against that as it is true Lack of the surest method in selling products to drive towards higher sales No ideas or strategies to get sales back on course Usual routine of inefficient, expensive and uneconomical sales methods such as weak direct marketing and expensive advertising or product improvement In this assignment we will be discussing about 2 leaders from different backgrounds respectively. The first leader is Indra Nooyi which is the CEO of Pepsi. The second leader is Philip Green which is the CEO of Arcadia Group. The similarities and differences of both the leaders will be discussed further below. Indra Nooyi Before examining three aspects of Indra Nooyis leadership, let us first review her background to get some idea of the person and leader she is. Born and educated in India, she moved to America to study for her Masters degree at Yale. Upon graduation, she got a job at the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and she credits much of her subsequent success on her experiences there. From there, she worked in other companies before joining PepsiCo in 1994. Her track record there was impressive as she was instrumental in making moves that led to long term profitability for the company such as moving away from fast food affiliations to acquiring beverage companies like Tropicana and Gatorade (Businessweek, 2008). Consequently, she was made CEO of the company in 2006, a record of sorts as she was the first woman and the first Asian to hold the powerful post. Since then, she has steered the company well with her leadership philosophy of performance with purpose. In a speech at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2006, Indra cited the five Cs of her success. They are competency, courage and confidence, consistency, compass and coaching. In this report, we will examine how they are incorporated into three aspects of her leadership in terms of leadership style, coaching and mentoring and motivating employees. Indras leadership style can best be described as transformative (Seltzer and Bass, 1990). She is not content to maintain the status quo but redefines the concept of CEO. The traditional role of the CEO was akin to a autocratic monarch, in which power was wielded in punitive and tyrannical ways. Indra feels that that is outmoded and unsuitable for the 21st century (CNBC Business, 2008). The CEO must lead people, not rule over them. The leader must constantly keep abreast with changes in technology and new developments so that they can harness them to achieve competitive advantage. The workplace is getting increasingly diverse as more women and minorities constitute the average multinational corporation. Demographic changes at the workplace require a change in management style and Indra is aware of this. For example, the new generation is more technologically savvy and is less tied to the concept of lifetime employment at one company (Useem, 2008). Understanding this groups mindset is crucial in ensuring that the best and brightest are recruited and retained. Similarly, the organization cannot operate along mono-ethnic and mono-gender lines as there is increasing diversity. Diversity should not be viewed as a problem but as an asset to the company since the company can get the cream of the crop and an employee composition that is representative of the entire population. No longer can the CEO afford to direct from his or her office, but must go out and mingle with the masses. This does not only mean fostering better ties with employees but engaging with other stakeholders as well, As Indra points out, a CEO now not only has to deal with corporate stakeholders but with governments and NGOs too. Consequently, the CEO must travel a lot, especially for a multinational corporation like Pepsi. That way, they can meet their various customers and business partners to formulate new and better corporate level strategies. As a leader, Indra is friendly and approachable. She is energetic and has a fondness of singing (Useem, 2008). Yet, she is no pushover as she is very much in control of her company. In terms of Indras leadership style, we may use one of the behavioral theories, in which we can pinpoint behaviours that set apart good and poor leaders. Her leadership style can be described as democratic, if we use one of the University of Iowa Studies (Robbins and Coulter, 2005). Indra gets her employees involved in the decision making process and delegates authority. She listens to all opinions, even from those who may disagree with her. Also, she encourages employee feedback which is used as a coaching technique. From the University of Michigan Studies viewpoint, Indra is an example of a leader who shows consideration. She has genuine respect and mutual trust for her subordinates. Another interesting aspect of her leadership style can best be described as reconciliatory leadership (Bass, 1985). When there was an opening for CEO, Indra and another executive were in the running. However, when Indra was selected, she immediately sought to retain her erstwhile rival because she felt the other person would be good for the company. Many CEOs assemble a team of yes men and eliminate all threats and rivals but Indra thrives on building a team of rivals because she feels dissent and other opinions are crucial in building a thriving organization. Indra places great importance on coaching and mentoring programs. These are part of the broader spectrum of creating a learning organization. Training programs are formulated to nurture future leadership talent for the company and the company has a unique approach by seeking input from outside. Lifelong and practical learning are emphasized as well. Pepsi tries to help each employee discover their strengths and weaknesses so that they can build upon their strengths and reduce their weaknesses to make a more meaningful contribution. Employees and executives are taught to think for the long term and not focus too narrowly on short term gains. This approach has worked well for Indra as it allows her to spot trends and changes before competitors. Indras attitude towards coaching and mentoring can be described using the path goal theory. This states that a leaders job is to help followers in achieving their goals and to guide them in the right direction (Wofford and Liska, 1993). This type of leader also gives the necessary support to make sure that employees succeed and that goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the firm. Indra believes in motivating and empowering employees. While there may be slump in sales growth in Western markets, Indra motivates her employees not to give but to see the bigger picture of the business cycle. As a result, employees who relish a challenge are given the opportunity to have work stints abroad. Similarly, she did not close down or reduce the research and development facility, but did the reverse. By retaining employees during hard times, PepsiCo demonstrates that it values their contributions and this gesture causes tremendous goodwill among staff who reciprocated by working harder. One interesting way in which Indra motivates her senior executives is through non-financial ways. Most companies reward their senior executives with attractive remuneration packages. PepsiCo does more than that. Recently, Indra did the unprecedented by writing to the parents of the executives and thanking them for bringing up their children well. This created an emotional bond among her, the executives and their parents. The idea behind this occurred some years ago when she visited her mother in India. Her mother asked her to attend a formal function at home and all the guests complemented her mother on the good job she did in raising her (CNBC Business, 2008). This made Indra realize that she ought to thank the parents of her employees who did an amazing job raising them. As mentioned earlier, Indra is a firm believer in workplace diversity (CNBC Business, 2008). This may stem from the fact that as a woman and an Indian in America, she has a different outlook on life than the average white male CEO. Hence, men and women, people from different ethnic backgrounds and religious all stand an equal chance at getting promotion. Promotions are based solely on merit and diversity is also applied in the companys relations with its suppliers and customers. This is a strong motivator for all employees to try their best. Some organizations reward employees based on gender and racial lines. Hence, women and ethnic minorities are sidelined and not given due recognition for their contributions. This problem does not occur at Pepsi and there is evidence to show that employees are happier, more motivated and derive greater pride and satisfaction from their jobs. Similarly, the younger generations are drawn to work at Pepsi because they find it a challenging and enjoya ble place where they are understood and treated with respect. I am very inspired by Indra Nooyis leadership. She is proof that with intelligence, hard work and determination, anybody can succeed in whatever they choose. Yet, she is humble, friendly and does not lose sight of the more important things in life. She has repeatedly mentioned that she has to juggle the roles of CEO, mother, wife, daughter and daughter in law. Perhaps growing up in a traditional Indian family has taught her the importance of maintaining strong family bonds. This attitude is evident in PepsiCo, where she treats all employees as her extended family. Indra demonstrates that one does not have to be ruthless, manipulative and cruel to rise to the top as her nurturing and warm leadership style has not only endeared her to her employees, but motivates them to strive to do their best. This is leadership at its finest. Philip Green Able To Capitalize Opportunity Sir Philip Green is apparently planning to bring British Home Stores under the Arcadia umbrella (Seltzer Bass, 1990). This move might witness a cull of management jobs as he combines the two companies, which have previously been run as separate entities. But with the high street feeling the squeeze as more shoppers take the radical step of leaving their money in the bank (or under the mattress), Sir Philip is clearly on a mission to cut costs and this is an obvious way of doing it. The new set-up will see Bhs run in much the same way as the other brands in the Arcadia stable, allowing Green to combine head office functions like marketing, finance and supply chain. This will almost certainly mean that some executive roles will become surplus to requirements hence the likely nervousness this morning. Bhs became a real success story for Green after he bought it in 2000, although its sales have been flagging recently. Arcadia has also seen a mixed bag of results lately: the likes of Dorothy Perkins and Burton have been struggling, but Top Shop and Miss Selfridge have continued to produce record sales and profits (possibly because their younger clientele have more disposable income/ more money than sense). So its no surprise that Green is looking to retrench now, particularly with little sign of the high street gloom receding (Yukl, 1994). Equity theory Equity theory states that individuals compares their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then responds to eliminate any inequities (Robbins Judge 2007, p.185). That is, employees will become de-motivated if their perceived inputs are greater than the outputs from the company (Adams 1965, cited in Chapman 2006). His reputation as a retailer is arguably second only to his renown for striking remarkable deals. In 2005, he paid himself a  £1.2bn dividend from Arcadia, the retailer he had bought in 2002 with only a few million pounds of his own money. He can identify a target in hours, secure billions of pounds worth of funding in days and be exiting the business with multimillion pound profits in months. While his detractors have levelled accusations of asset stripping at him, he vigorously denies his deal-making nous makes him a one-man personification of private equity. From his location, he can survey the world famous high street of which he controls a major slice. In fact, thanks to Arcadia, he runs 12% of the UK clothing retail market. In its industry, Green is ranked second and on more than an occasion he was close to owning Marks Spencer. In fact, they could have taken a large amount looking at the number of people borrowing and even up to eight times cashflow. After they had done 1.2bn of dividend, that year the company made a  £327m operating profit. They could have borrowed far more, but thats never been my strategy. Its hard to argue when you consider that six years on, Arcadia has added a quarter of a million square feet of selling space, employs 25% more people and has generated in excess of  £2bn in EBITDA. Green worked very hard to develop Arcadias brand, which includes Topman, Topshop, Dorothy Perkins, Burton and Evans. For once, Green is the master of understatement. Under his stewardship, the shop has revolutionised high-street retailing. The previously mediocre store is now a talisman of UK fashion, loved by teenagers, celebrities and fashion editors. Increasing Influence Upon leaving school, Green worked for the family firm, one of the first shoe importers to bring products in from China and Hong Kong. Exposure to international trade proved invaluable, he is grateful that the people who trained him taught him about finance, credit, importing and product. If he was to become interested in the more creative, product-buying side of the business, his understanding of the basic principles of retailing was instinctive. The high street fashion tycoon is as well known for his affluent lifestyle as he is for his business acquisitions a  £7m yacht,  £5m birthday party and a present from his wife of a solid gold Monopoly set, to name a few of his extravagances. Of late he has become something of a celebrity thanks in part to a friendship and business arrangement he has struck up with supermodel Kate Moss, who designs a range for his Topshop chain. Hes also been spotted holidaying with both Sylvester Stallone and Simon Cowell. Conclusion and Recommendation In sum, developing an effective leadership in organizations is the most essential, yet the most difficult tasks for organization management. Great leadership is the combinations of individual traits, leading skills and of course the situational contexts (Kotler, 1990). As we have discussed above, effective leadership is require both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. The intrapersonal skills are of paramount important, as it is logical and obvious that success or great leader all start from within. Only with personal inside strong desire to excel, passion, enthusiasm, determination, commitment, faith and effective personal values can a person become a true leader for others. A great leader among the people always starts as a great leader of his own. Then, interpersonal skills come into place, where the ability and skills to network, communicate and interact with the other people come into place. The effective leaders can guide companies through many different channels. Because o f this, it is important to know which leadership qualities motivate employees the best. Throughout the analysis and evaluation, there have been many leadership style theories identified. As we have found that, the autocratic leadership style has gone out of fashion in recent years, though certain situations, such as emergencies situations. Therefore, effective leaders must adjust the leadership style to various situations. In that sense, there is no one leadership style is appropriate for every occasion or situation. The most effective style to use depends upon the situation and whether the group members are willing and able to take on the responsibility. To be effective as a leader, its important to know your group in terms of knowledge, ability, desire and willingness, and be ready to adapt your style to suit the dynamic environment. An important task in the coming years will be the training and testing of future leaders. Further more, organizations have to have a bigger picture of long term success, that is strengthening leadership competencies will improve organizational effectiveness. When subordinates trusted their leaders leadership, and they deem it is equitable for them to obtain satisfactory rewards and outcomes when they made the greatest efforts. Therefore, effective leadership lead to a positive motivation and motivated employees will satisfy the customers of the organizations. In a long-term, it will help organization creating or maintaining a sustainable organizational competitive advantage.

Comparing Authority in Hope Leslie, Dinosaur in the Haystack, and A Riv

Authority in Hope Leslie, Dinosaur in the Haystack, and A River Runs Through It Authority is portrayed differently by each individual in life. Authority is portrayed by knowledge, wisdom, tone, and wording. The languages of authority are too numerable to count. In the novels Hope Leslie, Dinosaur in the Haystack, and A River Runs Through It the authors use three different techniques to portray authority while using religion and scripture to describe their arguments. Stephen Jay Gould demands authority because of the extensive studying he performs and yearns for knowledge that he possesses. Each of the essays that he presents has scientific merit and has been extensively studied. By writing about natural science and specifically evolution, Gould displays his expertise and therefore his authority. Gould being a scholar and a Jew has extensive knowledge of the Old Testament. He includes scripture in his writing to support his theories and explain the mind frame of many Americans. In "Dousling Diminutive Dennis’s Debate Gould tells of the debate on whether the millennium starts J...

Compare and contrast mongol rule Essay

During the 12th and 13th centuries the Mongols swept across Eurasia and conquered various peoples, including the Persians and Chinese. There are many slmllarltles and differences In the political and economic effects of Mongol rule on the Abbasid Empire In Persia and on the Yuan Dynasty In china. In both regions, the Mongols were relatively tolerant of all religions. However, they differed in that the Mongol’s allowed Persia to have native administrators but did not allow China to. When the Mongols ruled in Persia and China, they respected all the religions they encountered. In Persia, the Mongols were attracted to Islam and overtime they ssimilated to it. The Mongols were intrigued by Muslim society and by the year 1295, the Persian khanate had converted to Islam. They built mosques throughout the region and returned Islam toa privileged position of Persian society. The Mongols were also tolerant of the other religions in Persia including. Nestorian Christianity, Buddhism and Judaism. In China as well, the Mongols respected all cultural and religious traditions. They began to adopt some of Chinese culture, like ancestor worship. Khubilai Khan even built temples for his predecessors, so he could practice ancestor worship. The Mongols tolerated religions and belief systems such as, Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism and Christianity. They allowed churches, temples and shrines to be built, because they wanted to maintain a good relationship with the people ot the region. Although the Mongols tolerated Confucianism, they did not allow It to have official support. The Mongols effects on rellglon In Persia and china were quite similar. The Mongol’s ways of governing In Persia differed from how they governed In China. In Persia, the Mongols ruled using ideas from Persian bureaucracy. They set up many district and appointed provincial governors. The highest government positions were held by Mongols, but Persians were allowed to be government offcers at lower levels. Persians served as state officials, ministers and provincial governors. The Mongols allowed the Persians to govern the ilkhanate because they knew the Persians had a successful government and would be able to maintain order. However, the Mongols required the Persians to deliver tax receipts as a way of limiting Persian power. The Mongols set up government in China very differently than they had in Persia. The Mongol’s pushed native Chinese people to the bottom of the hierarchy. The Mongols got rid of Civil Service Exams because they thought there was no need for them. They did not make use of Chinese administrative talent; instead they had foreign administrators govern China. The governing staff included Persians, Arabs and some Europeans. The Mongols didnt want Chinese people to rule because all they wanted from China was to generate revenue and have the people be cultivators. The Mongols governed and treated the Chinese and Persian people very differently. The Mongols political and economic control on Persia and China were alike In some ways and unalike in others. The treatment and tolerance of religions in China ere very similar to that In Persia. Yet, the administrative control in Persia differed than the administrative control In China. The Mongols had multiple methods of ruling conquered regions, none 0T wnlcn were very successTul. However, tnrougnout the Mongols rule, they facilitated trade and encouraged long distance communication throughout Eurasia, which led to cultural diffusion that can still be seen today. Additionally, the Mongols support of Islam helped establish its popularity and encouraged its spread, which has contributed to Islam being the fastest growing and second largest religion.

Supercuts’ Market Segmentation

All of our target market segments are either of American, Canadian, British, or Puerto Rican nationality and come from lower to middle social classes. Segment 1: 18-50 years old men Supercuts have identified several target market segments that will be pursued. The largest market segment (65%1) are male customers aged between 18 and 50 years old who want to have a current look at an affordable price in a convenient location. These mostly urban area citizens are usually in hurry and aren't too picky with the design of their hair cut. These customers come to the salon on average every two weeks to let their hair cut.They hardly ever buy hair products from the company. Estimate of market size: 42. 3 million (32 million for US only) Support requirements: Supercuts have reasonable prices and have a lot of salons which are located in strip malls to maximize visibility and convenience. With the company, no appointments are necessary so a customer can get his hair done whenever he has few min utes of free time. Positioning statement: â€Å"Quick and fashionable haircut will move you faster on your way to success. † How to reach the segment: * Promotion via email, newsletters * Billboards on freeways, in malls Articles or advertisements in newspapers, magazines * Free haircut events in the malls * Reference rewards Price sensitivity: Because they are coming from lower or middle income category, the customers could be sensitive if the prices rise. However, if the company is loyal to them and they become long-time customers, they will most likely remain with Supercuts because to find a new good salon would take too much effort and time which these men don’t have. Segment 2: Parents of 3-13 years old children Another segment of their target market would be parents of usually younger children, between 3-13 years old.These parents want to get a cute haircut for their children. They require fast service for good price. They expect to bring their kids, get the hair cut done in 5 minutes, and leave. Children don’t like waiting. They require action or entertainment otherwise they will get bored and they will start crying or misbehave. What the parents are looking for is a nice hairdresser who will talk to the child, or who will give them a toy to play while she/he will be working on the child’s haircut. By this both the hairdresser and the parent will avoid stress from having to make the child calmer when he/she doesn’t want to get haircut.Going to hairdresser with a child should be from now a pleasant situation where a parent can relax with a cup of coffee and magazine in the hands, and doesn’t have to feel any negative feelings, inconvenience, or stress. Regarding necessity of getting a haircut, little boys usually need it once in a month or two, girl from two months to a year depending on the haircut. Estimate of market size: 33. 5 million (25 million for US only) Support requirements: Company’s priorities a re to be fast and convenient for an affordable price which will catch the attention of many parents.Hairdressers are very talkative and nice so children will not feel afraid of getting a haircut with them. Supercuts’ staff is trying to build loyalty with their little customers so when they grow up they continue using their services. Positioning Statement: â€Å"With us you can tranquilly drink your cup of coffee while we will be taking care of your child. † How to reach the segment: * TV commercials, advertisements in magazines * Billboards on freeways, in malls * Advertisements directly to mail box Free haircut events for children at elementary and middle schools, sporting ; extracurricular events while having parents present * Reference rewards Price sensitivity: Parents appreciate the convenience of having a stress-free salon visit with their child more than possibly higher prices. On the other hand, Supercuts still must consider the families’ lower or middle class background. Segment 3: Busy parents Third segment would be mothers or fathers with children requiring a lot of attention, especially employed parents for who time is money and who have to take care of their children at the same time, no matter if it is the man or oman taking care. They need to find few minutes in their busy schedule and get a new haircut for themselves. More than for complicated designs, they are looking for an easy haircut. At the same time, they still want to look chic. Estimate of market size: 29 million (23. 5 million for US only) Support requirements: Supercuts’ benefits are an easy access, parking, and the salon’s proximity to other big stores or supermarkets like Wal-Mart and Target. Customers can get their fast haircuts and do household shopping at once.From another point of view, Supercuts are known for staying on top of hairstyle trends, therefore the popularity of these salons increased by the interest of customers who would like to l ook fashionable. Keeping up with the changing trends is essential to the company. â€Å"We added ‘Supercolor’ quick color services since so many customers are now interested in getting highlights† says Alan Storry, the vice president of  Franchise  Development for Regis Corp. 2 At Supercuts, the staff often offer free samples of hair products which especially a lot of women appreciates. Positioning Statement: â€Å"Look chic in less than 20 minutes. How to reach the segment: * Promotion via email, SMS * Advertisements and discount cards in magazines, newspapers * Billboards on freeways, in malls * Reference rewards Price sensitivity: Lower prices are expected for this segment, but it might differ from family to family. Some families have a lot of children therefore they cannot afford getting expensive haircuts, some families have just one child, so even though the parents can still be really busy, they could pay for their haircut a bit more. Sources: 1 http: //www. wikinvest. com/stock/Regis_(RGS)/Supercuts 2 http://www. bison. com/profile_Supercuts_06012007

Article Summary Example

Article Summary Example Article Summary – Article Example Article Summary According to research studies by a group of economists, there is a close relationship between violence and the use of drugs (Benson 34). The use of drugs has become an international concern because of its effects on crime and violence. Some countries such as Mexico have made efforts to legalize drug trade in order to reduce its overall effects. Drug trade also has a number of implications on the economy. Drug trade has very high volumes of sales but there are minimal profits from such activities. This is because a large number of intermediaries are involved in the business hence reducing profit margins between individual businesses involved in the trade (Bruce 27). When trader can manage to be in business with low profits, they tend to operate by enlarging their bases and expanding business to make more sales. As a result, revenues realized by the respective countries are set to increase and result to economic developments (Bruce 27).Competition also tends to set in b ecause the market has minimum or no barriers to entry hence many people will be attracted to venture in drug trade Opinion polls conducted in the US and Mexico recorded that such countries would be well of if they had legalized the use of drugs. They argue that the legalization process would ensure that the country records high levels of GDP through taxation of the use of drugs. Research shows that if Mexico would legalize the use of drugs, then the country would be able to collect revenues close to what drug cartels collect (Benson 40). Benson, Bruce. Handbook on the Economics of Crime. Cheltenham: Elgar, 2010. pp. 23-145. Article Summary Example Article Summary – Article Example iPhones in a Foreign Market The paper summarizes the article ‘Britain turns its back on Android in favor of iOS’ posted in theTelegraph Media Group Limited by Rhiannon Williams on 7th January 2015. The article shows the expansion of the Apple’s market share in U.K. The article asserts that the market share for Apple’s Smartphone has grown rapidly in the recent years as compared to its competitor, Android (Williams 1). The article states that Apple has recorded its highest market share in Britains smartphone where it accounts for 42.5 % of all smartphone sales in U.K (Williams 1). The growth for Apple market share in foreign markets like Britain relates to its iOS operating system. The article shows how and why Britain consumers opted to buy iPhones instead of Android phones from Google leading to significant growth in iPhone sales (Williams 1).The article quotes a recent research done by Kantar WordPanelCom Tech Research Company that indicated Apple Company ’s sales as of November 2014 to be 23.8 % of smartphones sales in Britain, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain (Williams 1). Indeed, the article recognizes an increase in iPhone sales U.K in the last one year. The article attributes this to the introduction of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus on September 2014 (Williams 1). The increase in brands and devices from different manufacturers allows U.K consumers to analyze different products before purchasing. The quality and features of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus motivated U.K consumers to choose Apple Smartphones that increased Apple market share. The article notes that the introduction of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus expanded Apple’s market shares in other foreign markets like China (Williams 1).Williams, Rhiannon. Britain turns its back on Android in favor of iOS. 7th January 2015. Web. 4th March 2015.