Alzheimer’s Disease Essay examples -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting memory, cognitive and non-cognitive functions. Studies show that most cases of Alzheimer’s disease pertains to people who are 60 years of age or older; meanwhile, 80% of these cases are due to genetics. The risk of one having Alzheimer’s disease varies with their age and ethnicity. That being said, some elders are obtaining this disease in very late life, nearing their 90’s. The gene that is usually responsible for Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) is the Apolipoprotein E (APOE gene) which gets its name from encoding for the protein Apolipoprotein. It is on chromosome 19 and has three main alleles on the gene that seem to be responsible for this disease. They are: ÃŽ µ2, containing cysteine at position 112 and arginine at position 158 of the gene, ÃŽ µ3 containing cysteine at both 112 and 158 positions, and ÃŽ µ4 containing arginine at both 112 and 158 positions of the gene. The APOE ÃŽ µ4 allele is the disease’s most prevalent allele. The APOE ÃŽ µ4 allele is the disease’s most prevalent allele. The function of this gene is to regulate cholesterol and triglyceride metabolisms. This shows it is not only coincidental that high cholesterol and diabetes lead to late-onset Alzheimer’s. The APOE ÃŽ µ4 allele was tested and discovered to be so dangerous in 1993. Since, many more studies have been completed on this allele and it has been known to be the main cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Once all the human genotype was known after using the Human Genome Project, a microarray system used to study over 80 percent of the Caucasian genome for association signals called the 500K GeneChip from Affymetrix was created. This microarray kit was used to confirm that using high-density single nuc... ...sion, the results point researchers in the right direction proving that late on-set Alzheimer’s is very closely related to this APOE locus, especially the ÃŽ µ4 allele. Further studies may also show that this allele will likely contribute to other diseases as well. With the use of ultra-high density genome, further associations will be made regarding the link between late on-set Alzheimer’s and the APOE locus. Works Cited Coon, Keith D. Ph.D.; Amanda J. Myers, Ph.D.; David W. Craig, Ph.D.; Jennifer A. Webster, B.A.; John V. Pearson, B.Sc.; Diane Hu Lince, Ph.D.; Victoria L. Zismann, M.S.; Thomas G. Beach, M.D.; Doris Leung, M.D. â€Å"A High-Density Whole-Genome Association Study Reveals That APOE Is the Major Susceptibility Gene for Sporadic Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease.† Physicians Post Graduate Press. J Clin Psychiatry 68:4, April 2007: 613-618. (Print)

Nursing Theorist Grid Essay

1. Theorist Selected: Florence Nightingale 2. Description of key points of the theory: Components of Nightingale’s philosophy, now recognized as a theory, are Environment, Person, Health, and Nursing (Bolton, 2010). Nightingales’ Canons are as follows: Ventilation, and warming-â€Å"Keep the air he breathes as pure as the external air, without chilling him† Health of houses- â€Å"Five essential points in securing the health of houses: pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light.† Petty management- â€Å"Not knowing how to manage that what you do when you are there, shall be done when you are not there.† Noise-â€Å"Unnecessary noise, or noise that creates an expectation in the mind, is that which hurts the patient.† Variety – change the walls or ceilings instead of the patient having to look at the same thing day in and day out. Taking food and what food-Patients should eat regularly and the proper diet (pureed, clear or full liquid). Bed and bedding-bedding must be clean and patients should not be laying on bunched up bedding Light-light and sunlight present, patient should not be kept in the dark Cleanliness of rooms and walls-clean areas for the patient to reside in Personal cleanliness-the skin is the body’s greatest barrier to infection and it must be kept clean Chattering hopes and advices- honesty and do not provide false hopes Observation of the sick-changes in status must be noticed immediately and reported to the proper person (Nightingale, 1860) 3. Theory’s historical background: At age 17 Nightingale believed she was called by God into his service to help mankind. She had great compassion and sympathy for people of all types. She suffered in silence for years because it was improper for someone of her social status to be involved with actual  physical work and her greatest desire was to help the truly poor. She fought with her family for years before they finally allowed her to go to Germany to the Institution of Deaconessess to study nursing. She studied there for three months and returned home. Two years later she was allowed to practice nursing. After her travel to Scutari to care for wounded soldiers during the Crimean War, she developed her nursing theory. She felt there was a need to define nursing and reform hospital environments rather than provide new nursing knowledge. She is the founder of modern nursing because of her work in nursing and nursing education. She started a school of nursing at St. Thomas Hospital in England. Nightingale clarified that nursing knowledge is distinct from medical knowledge. Complete the following grid based on the selected theorist information. Define each term according to the selected theorist. Explain how the selected theorist’s approach to each element of the metaparadigm applies to the following: Nursing practice- Nightingale identified the metaparadigm of nursing: person, environment, health, and nursing. It is the role of the nurse to modify the environment in a way to obey natural laws, by that providing an environment in which perfection could be achieved. The environmental aspects of Nightingale’s theory (ventilation, warmth, quiet, diet, and cleanliness) remain to be integral components of nursing care. Utilization of Nightingale’s theory helps the nurse have a beginning focal point and allows the nurse to view the client as an individual who interacts with and lives in an environment that may or may not be beneficial to optimal health (Bolton, 2010). Nursing education- Nursing is a work of art and science. Nightingale was the first to suggest that nurses be specially educated and trained for their position in health care. This allowing standards of care in the field of nursing, which improves overall healthcare of patients. Nightingale’s principles of Nurse training provided a custom plan for early nurse training school beginning with St. Thomas Hospital. Nightingale believed that all nurses should be well educated and practice independently.  She used brief case studies in her teachings. Nightingale encouraged independence of nursing school from the hospital to safeguard students from becoming involved in the labor pool as part of their training. Good practice can only result from good education. Nursing research- Nightingale’s interest in scientific inquiry and statistics continues to define the scientific inquiry used in nursing research (Alligood & Tomey, 2010). Nightingale’s concepts served as the groundwork for research to test modern theories. â€Å"She established a firm tradition of basing nursing practice on carefully collected and analyzed data, the forerunner of today’s evidence-based practice emphasis† (Fitzpatrick & Kazer, 2011, pp. 377-379). Her empirical approach to solving problems was visible from her work. Nightingale used a convincing argument with statistics, whereby she compared the mortality rates of soldiers in wartime military and nonmilitary situations with civilian men of comparable age. She invented the polar-area or pie-chart diagrams where each wedge was brightly colored to represent certain conditions. Term Definition Person Nightingale focused on the person as â€Å"the recipient of nursing care† (Selanders, 2010). She believed that nurses should focus on the patient and their needs, not the disease in which they are stricken with. She knew that people were multidimensional and wrote about their biological, psychological, social and spiritual requirements. Nightingale emphasized that people had reparative powers and that the nurses’ duty was to facilitate these forces with the means of returning people to health. (Selanders, 2010) Health Nightingale defined health as â€Å"able to use well every power we have to use.† Nightingale viewed disease is a correctable process. Nightingale contemplated the maintenance of health through prevention of disease by environmental control and social responsibility. What she described led to â€Å"public health nursing and the more modern concept of health promotion† (Bolton, 2010, Chapter 5, Nightingales’s Philosophy in Nursing Practice). Nursing The work of nursing is described as putting â€Å"the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him† highlighting fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper diet. Kindness and touch should also be included. Nursing is a spiritual calling. Three types of nursing include nursing proper (nursing the sick), general nursing (health promotion) and midwifery nursing. Nursing is specifically different and separate from medicine. The work of nursing is so important that it should be thought of as a religious vow. â€Å"Nightingale did not set out to develop a conceptual model of nursing, however, her writings contain the elements needed for nursing theories, a clear conceptualization of the client, nursing goals, and nursing interventions† (Fitzpatrick & Kazer, 2011, pp. 377-379). Environment The environment is the main priority in Nightingales theory. She clearly pointed out that clean environment, fresh air, warmth, noise control and management of wastes and odors were all ways that the environment could be altered to improve conditions so that nature could act to cure the patient (Selanders, 2010). She realized that internal and external environment controls were both paramount to the progress of the patient’s healing. She also knew that properly prepared food and clean water are also necessary to a patient’s healing process. References Alligood, M. R., & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing Theorists and Their Work (7th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier Health Sciences. Bolton, K. (2010). Nursing Theory: Utilization and Application (4th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. Fitzpatrick, J. J., & Kazer, M. (2011). Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. Nightingale, F. (1860). Notes on Nursing: What it is, and what it is not. : J.B. Lipincott Company. Sealanders, L. C. (2010, March). The Power of Environmental Adaptation. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 28(1), 81-88

Cross Cultural Differences in Tv Advertising, Comparative...

CROSS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN TV ADVERTISING, COMPARATIVE STUDY: USA, AUSTRIA AND SERBIA Branka NovÄ ić Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade Jove Ilica 154, Serbia novcicb@fon.bg.ac.rs Vesna Damnjanović Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade Jove Ilica 154, Serbia damvesna@fon.bg.ac.rs Abstract The main purpose of this study was to examine and compare the presence of cultural differences in advertising within television commercials based on Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long term orientation. Observation of television commercials included surveying among younger population in following countries: the United States†¦show more content†¦Especially helpful for advertisers in understanding different advertising styles are, an understanding of general communication styles of cultures, and styles of mass communication (Aaker, 1984). Several cross-national comparative studies exploring international advertising were undertaken in the past few decades. Adlen, Hoyer, Lee (1993) highlighted that researchers have examined print and TV advertising from various national markets for similarities and differences in: (1) levels and types of information, (2) reflection of national culture toward consumption, (3) portrayal of sex roles. One of the first comparative studies on content analysis of Japanese and U.S. magazine advertising, was conducted by Hong, Muderrisoglu Zinkhan in 1987. They concluded that major differences are present in advertisement in these countries, regarding emotional appeals, informativeness, and comparativeness of advertising. Jin (2010) examines cultural characteristics of four countries: China, Japan, Korea and the United States that are reflected in construction and content of online banner ads, based on the models of culture dimensions proposed by Hofstede, Hall and Trompenaars Hampden-Turner. Kalliny, Saran, Ghanem and Fisher (2011) outlined that understanding the nature and influence of cultural differences is focal in creating international marketing strategy. Same authors, investigated cultural dimensions contextualization, individualism/collectivism, timeShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestheir livings, and their unprecedented ability to move about the globe. Moya and McKeown set the patterns of migration in the twentieth century against those extending back millennia, and they compare in imaginative ways the similarities and differences among diverse flows in different geographical areas and across ethnic communities and social strata. They consider not only the nature, volume, and direction of migrant movements motivated primarily by opportunities for economic advancement—including

University of Scranton Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Scranton is a private Catholic and Jesuit university with an acceptance rate of 73%. Founded in 1888 and located in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the University of Scranton has high retention and graduation rates, and an impressive number of students go on to graduate school. Scranton has a 13-to-1  student/faculty ratio, and both health and business fields are quite popular with undergraduates. On the athletic front, the Scranton Royals compete in the NCAA Division III Landmark Conference. Considering applying to University of Scranton? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Scranton had an acceptance rate of 73%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 73 students were accepted, making Scrantons admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 9,968 Percent Admitted 73% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 13% SAT Scores and Requirements University of Scranton is test-optional for some applicants. Students who rank in the top 30% of their class, or those with an average GPA of 3.2 or above, are not required to submit SAT or ACT scores. Note that some programs at Scranton require SAT or ACT scores even for those who meet these criteria. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 81% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 570 640 Math 550 640 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of Scrantons admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Scranton scored between 570 and 640, while 25% scored below 570 and 25% scored above 640. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 550 and 640, while 25% scored below 550 and 25% scored above 640. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1280 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of Scranton. Requirements University of Scranton does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Scranton participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements University of Scranton is test-optional for some applicants. Students who rank in the top 30% of their class, or those with an average GPA of 3.2 or above, are not required to submit SAT or ACT scores. Note that some programs at Scranton require SAT or ACT scores even for those who meet these criteria. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 30% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Composite 23 28 This admissions data tells us that most of Scrantons admitted students fall within the top 31% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to University of Scranton received a composite ACT score between 23 and 28, while 25% scored above 28 and 25% scored below 23. Requirements Note that Scranton does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. University of Scranton does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of University of Scrantons incoming freshmen class was 3.49, and 60% had average GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to University of Scranton have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Scranton Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of Scranton. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances University of Scranton, which accepts fewer than three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat competitive admissions pool. However, Scranton also has a  holistic admissions  process and is test-optional, and admissions decisions are based on much more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. The college is looking for students who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways, not just students who show promise in the classroom. Note that some applicants who choose to apply test-optional will be required to participate in an interview. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their scores are outside of Scrantons average range. In the graph above, the blue and green data points indicate students who were admitted to the University of Scranton. Most had combined SAT scores (ERWM) of 1050 or higher, an ACT composite of 21 or higher, and a high school average of a B or better. If You Like the University of Scranton, You May Also Like These Schools Villanova UniversityDrexel UniversityUniversity of DelawareBoston CollegeTemple UniversityGonzaga UniversityFordham University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Scranton Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Black Soldiers in American History Essay - 1805 Words

Black Soldiers in American History While many volumes of work have been written on the heroics of Anglo-Americans in defense of the United States, insufficient notice has been given to the extensive involvement of blacks in defense of the United States beginning with, but not limited to, the Revolutionary War. Although bought over in chains, blacks continually demonstrated their commitment to liberty, equality and democracy through their participation and valiant fighting in the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. The first group of Africans in the United States is attributed to a group of twenty bought in 1619 to an area that was later settled as Virginia. The status of Africans was typically that of indentured†¦show more content†¦In spite of these early policies, one finds the Varner Rhode Island Battalion as †¦the only large aggregation of Negroes in this war, though Connecticut, New York and New Hampshire each furnished one separate company†¦1. As men became scarcer, slaves began to find their way into the ranks. But it is difficult to maintain a caste society when one finds slaves fighting side-by-side with freemen, so October 1775, General George Washington and his generals voted unanimously against the enlistment of slaves and the further enlistment of freemen. The British Army, under the leadership of Lord Dunmore, quite astutely, offered freedom for any slave fighting for King George. Washington was compelled to act in response to such a provocative offer. One must keep in mind that there were many blacks desirous of enlisting and the decision to enlist and arm slaves came down to necessity. On the question of utilizing Southern slaves, Congress decided that South Carolina and Georgia would †¦take measures immediately for raising 3000 able-bodied negreos.2. These men were to serve in segregated units. 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Advertising Principles And Practice Free Essays

However the Effie is one important award which is given for effectiveness (visit EFFIE Worldwide at mad. Effie. Org ) The New York American Marketing Association introduced these awards in 1968 and it honors the ‘real world’ work of agency/client partnerships that create, manage, and build brands In August 1996 Ionians launched one of the most memorable ads – lively, music-filled commercials featured dogs, dolls, a grinning Japanese man, and the tag line â€Å"Enjoy the Ride† yet the campaign failed as no car was shown and Ionians lost share and posted losses that year Characteristics of Effective Ads Types of Advertising The Ideas and Struck are examples of Brand Advertising which is most visible and some commercials use humor to create brand awareness Retail or Local Advertising focuses on retailers or manufacturers in small areas tit objective of stimulating store traffic and create distinctive image for store or manufacturer e. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising Principles And Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now G. White Wave Political / Directory Advertising Politicians advertise to vote for them or their ideas as in ASSAI and some other countries. Critics feel this can focus more on image than on issues, and voters concentrate on the emotional parts ignoring the critical differences Directory advertising helps people in how to buy products and services e. G. Yellow Pages Direct-Response advertising can use any medium including Direct mail and tries to stimulate sales directly and Internet helps here How Ad Agencies are Organized Account Management acts as liaison be;en the client and the agency. Once the client establishes the guidelines for a campaign and perhaps even one advertisement, accounts management handles day-to-day progress Creative Development and Production includes copy,’rites, art directors, producers, master creators, coaches, etc Media Planning and Buying – plans, buys and researches on the use of different media Account Planning and Research act as strategic specialists who prepare recommendations about consumers wants, needs and relationship to the client’s brand, and how advertising should work to satisfy those needs Internal Services includes traffic department, print production, financial services, and human resources or personnel a-to-8 Advertising and Institutional Advertising B-to-B includes messages directed to retailers, wholesalers, and distributors and also to industrial purchasers, professionals like lawyers, physicians but not to general consumers through professional journals This is also called corporate advertising and aims to establish corporate identity or winning public over to the company’s point of view e. G. Tobacco companies are running ads on positive things they are doing, also ads for pharmacy companies Public Service / Interactive In Public Service Announcements (AAAS) the message is on behalf of good causes like stopping drunk driving or preventing child abuse. These ads are usually created by ad professionals free of charge and the media often donate space and time Interactive advertising is delivered to individual consumers who have access to computer and intern et. How to cite Advertising Principles And Practice, Papers

PESTLE Analysis of Hospital Industry †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the PESTLE Analysis of Hospital Industry. Answer: Introduction With the changes in economic and complex business structure, each and every organization is using effective strategic planning method. However, the strategic planning for the organization is highly based on the social, political, economic, legal and technological factors. It is observed that Strategic cost management is a wider term with wider aspects that refer to reducing total costs and increasing total value of the business or strategic position of the business. To achieve that strategic position, an organization needs to find out the importance of each cost. They have to identify that which cost is important to the organization that actually add to the profits of the business and which cost is weak in nature that can be avoidable in nature. This report focuses on the hospital organization and proper Pestle analyses have been taken to evaluate the business performance and quality of the services offered by the organization. In this report, Bethesda hospitals from the Australian h ospital industry have been selected. This hospital business and other factors will be assessed in this report to determine its strategic performance and business situation in the Australian hospital industry. This Australian hospital industry is a broad industry that is really achieving good growth. If they have to decrease their strategic costs then they need to do a proper analysis of the competitors and several factors that affect the operations of the organization. Bethesda hospital is the very renowned private surgical hospital that provides treatment of many diseases to their patients like urology, Gynecology, plastic surgery, pain management and general surgery. It is located in Queensland. Major competition for Bethesda hospital is the other general hospitals that are providing same facilities to their customers at a cheap rate. Galindo Martin Nissan, 2010). These hospitals are Royal Adelaide hospital, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Princess Alexandra hospital. Bethesda hospital was found 125 years ago. They provide acute- level health care to their patients as well as treat injuries and illness also that has a long-term effect. In case of long-term acute care patients, the treatment is divided into two parts. Firstly they provide hospital-level care to the patients and afterward rehabilitation care has been given to them. They support their patients in social, mental, psychological, spiritual and physical needs. (Ansari, 2010)They prov ide special care to the patients who are suffering from neurovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses, complex medical problems and physical and behavioral disabilities because these diseases need special care. Further medical treatments and behavioral management have been done to them. This hospital has been gaining momentum throughout the time by using its advance treatment care services. However, the main focus of the company is to deliver the best level of treatment for the patients and consistently increasing their satisfaction level. The vision of Bethesda hospital The main mission of the hospital is to build an effective hospital program for the patients suffering from neurovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses, complex medical problems and physical and behavioral disabilities. It has also developed facility dedicated to physician training program with the state of art technologies. It will give a new opportunity to the students to learn advanced and new training program for the patients care. It has the mission to develop a people-centric district health service in the Bethesda catchment area where everyone could grab equal access to quality and comprehensive district health services. The core value of Bethesda hospital is accompanied by following factors such as open communication, advance treatment, innovative technologies and commitment to performance to render best patients care services (Moro Visconti, 2016). Research Analysis `There is a trend of Globalization and due to that; the competition within the industry is getting tougher. In hospital industry of Australia also, a lot of competition exists. There are so many technological changes and because of that, every hospital has to create new technological advancement into hospitals also (Etienne, et al. 2014). In Australia, the general hospital is on its growth stage. Funding of public hospitals has been done by state and federal governments and private hospitals generate their funds from the health services provided to patients and patient fees. It has been noticed that in some past years, the number of patients has been increased due to the quality of services they provide and some of them have opted for membership under private health insurance. The revenue of the whole industry was $52.9 billion; the number of workers was $13000. Employment opportunities in hospital industry are also increasing in the country. (Chung, Gaynor and Richards-Shubik, 2016) There are some other services too like there is an administrator in the hospital who is always presented in the hospital. There is a common desk number on which he is available to the patients and their families. They have an ATM machine in their hospital to provide convenience to the customers. There are some special services too like valet parking, internet access, financial assistance, and barber. These are the recent industry benchmarks as these services are provided by all the other similar hospitals. There are various suppliers for the industry who provides basic hospital things to the hospitals. There are some medical equipment companies who produce several machines. So they provide all the necessary equipment to the hospital. (Campbell, 2017) However, with a view to analysis, all the external factors of the Bethesda hospital proper PESTEL analysis have been implemented. This analysis will assist in identifying all the influential factors which Bethesda hospital could undertake before formulating the business strategies. PESTEL analysis of Hospital Industry PESTEL analysis refers to the analysis of the political, economic, social, technological and legal system of a country in concern to a particular industry or any organization (Nolan, 2015). Political factors- There are different political factors that can hamper the operations of hospital industry. There are many government policies in reference to the level of intervention in the country. Sometimes government controls the supply of goods and raw material. In Australia, the political environment is quite open and stable. It is important for all the hospitals in Queensland to get the hospital licenses from Queensland Health Private Hospitals Regulatory Unit as they are responsible to authorize the operations of the hospital. (McDermott, Cashore and Kanowski, 2011). However, after analyzing the political environment of Australia, it is observed that the political situation of the country is too stable and it reflects positive indicator for the effective business performance of Hospital industry. Australia is the independent nation that belongs to the commonwealth (Benzi, and Mastroianni, 2016). The political condition of Australia is very positive which may play a positiv e indicator for the Hospital industry for running their business effectively. It is observed that hospital in the hospital industry could use these political factors to improve its existing business and expand its business. However, there is the requirement to take the renewal of licenses yearly. Each and every doctors and nurse working in the hospitals should be qualified for their position. In addition to this, emergency services of the Hospital industry will be provided to the patients for 24* 7 hours as per the government guidelines and rules (Larkin, 2016). Technological factors- As per market research, it has been observed that there is a need for the integrated healthcare system and easy accessibility of data. Data of the hospitals is confidential and there is always a concern regarding the confidentiality, safety, and security of data. There are many new technologies that have been come in past decade so it is necessary to adopt this technology. There is a technique called cyber psychology that focused on to make clinical change and infrastructure of technology parallel in hospital industry (Mohanan Nair Vijayachandran Pillai, 2009). It is observed that the people in Australia are more inclined towards the advanced technologies. It is analyzed that the Hospital industry needs to adopt newly advance technologies and machines in the patient care treatments. If hospital industry has installed advanced technologies and system then it will increase the quality of the services and advance work system of the organization. The changing patt ern of disease and improvement in medical and communication technologies are contributing to the momentum for a new approach which ensures the responsive demand of the 21st century in the hospital and care industry. The patients care for neurovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses, complex medical problems and physical and behavioral disabilities could be treated by the advanced machines and treatments. However, several other organizations such as Royal Adelaide Hospital, Melbourne hospital, and other big hospitals are using advance international machines and technologies to treat their patients. If hospitals in the Australia do not install advanced technologies in its hospital care process then it may negatively impact its hospital care services. Nonetheless, the cyber computing system is ideally used by the healthcare organization in the project management and development of the data storage system of the clients (Boyes, Aylott, 2017). Environmental- There is a focus on Go Green as pollution has been released by many industries that are really harmful (Igli?ski, et al. 2016). It has been suggested all the hospitals in Australia need to use energy-efficient lighting and backup generators so they can be used at the time of emergency. There are many initiatives has been taken by the hospital to create a common policy for dumping the hospital wastes in an effective way because hospital waste is hazardous in nature. The environmental situation of Australia is very positive and central Australia has the dry climate which may result in increased number patients. The management of the hospitals in Australia needs to implement proper strategic plans and procedure to mitigate the possible health care problems and issues. The department of the environment of Australia has set up several rules and regulation to maintain the clean environment. However, hospitals in Australia need to assess the factors and enlighten its business process and environmental programs. This hospital has already taken the licenses and permits from the federal department of the environment for its care services. However, the importing of drugs from the other country such as hazardous chemicals and drugs will pass through after taking proper approval from the government (Adewunmi, 2014). Social The social factors is determined on the basis of the values, belief, perception, and outcomes of the patients in Australia. It is observed that the people in Australia are more inclined towards the sophisticated and advanced technologies for their treatments. However, the management committee of the hospital industry has been formulating the business process management program with a view to satisfying patients' needs and increasing their satisfaction level (Mohanan and Vijayachandran Pillai, 2009). The Wards developed X-ray machines and operating theaters of the hospitals have been designed in such a way which could add value to the treatment of the patients in an effective manner. However, with the strength of the 200 staff members and more than 30 doctors' team, the hospital has formulated a proper health care chain (Beserra, et al. 2017). Patients want to treat their diseases from the hospital that have expert's doctors and highly advance technologies and machines in thei r healthcare process. All the hospitals have developed the strong brand image in Australia for the treatment of neurovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses, complex medical problems and physical and behavioral disabilities and also earned a good value after the successful number of patient's treatment. Hospitals in Australia seek to deliver its mission in the framework of strong faith-based value and with the assistance of the dedicated staff team members it has been providing advanced treatment for the betterment of the patients at large. Nonetheless, in Australia, Universal health system board provides support to the patients for their treatment. Therefore, hospitals in Australia have to set up the direct link with the Universal health system board for the improvement of the existing work performance and increase the value of the patients by rendering the best quality of the treatment (CHISWELL, COOPER, and PACKHAM, 2015). Economical- As per the statistical data of Australia, the GDP of Australia per capital is 49,927.82 USD (2016) which is 2.7% higher as compared to last three year data. However, the GDP rate of the country is 2.8% which reflects that purchasing power of the people in Australia is consistently increasing their income and expenditure. Nonetheless, the public healthcare industry has the overall turnover of the $192 billion in 2016 which is 5% of the overall GDP of the country (Gehanno, et al. (2009). It has been observed that all the hospitals in Australia have to set up strong with the advancement of the technologies and effective healthcare treatment at large. The growth in the health spending in the country is slowly but in context with the GDP rate, it is consistently rising. As per the government data, it is observed that the government of Australia contributing the ($44.4bn) to the health expenditure of the country. This shows that Australian government is also endeavoring towards supporting patients to take their treatment from the Australian public healthcare organization instead of tapping international hospitals at large (Visconti, Do?, and Gurgun, 2017). Legal factors- After analyzing the government statistical data, it is observed that with the increased use of advanced technologies revolutionizing modern medical practice. Hospitals in Australia are required to uphold high standards for protecting the patients privacy and increasing the value of the patients. All the drugs imported by the hospitals in Australia from the outside countries and machines needs be undergone from the healthcare department of Australia. However, all the healthcare organizations need to comply with the Australian Information Commissioner'sPound Road Medical Centre for the privacy of the data records of the patients. It is considered that all the hospitals in Australia have complied with the all the applicable rules and regulation while rendering the health care services to its clients (Hamdan, 2017). Recommendation All the healthcare facilities in the hospital operations should have proper or appropriate physical environment The proper advance communication cyber system should be used to implement proper strategic plans to increase the overall outcomes and efficiency for the health care services for the patients of the hospitals. Health facilities need well trained and motivated staff members who could provide 24*7 care services to patients. Setting measure for the quality and safety program which could track the progress of the quality improvement of the health care services program of the hospitals. All the hospitals in Australia should use proper Six Sigma five-phased process to improve their existing health care program for the betterment of the patients care services. Implementation of the protocol and adapting the organization culture and work system as per the needs and demand of the patients. Setting strategic alliance with the government and other supporting bodies to promote the patient treatment with the government intervention support. Set new norms and health care policies for the better treatment of the patients in determined approach. Implementation of the cyber computing system and analytical work program to implement proper health care functioning for the better and efficient treatment of the patients in Australia. Hospitals need to the integrated healthcare system and easy accessibility of data. Data of the hospitals is confidential and there is always a concern regarding the confidentiality, safety, and security of data. Hospitals should follow common policy for dumping the hospital wastes in an effective way because hospital waste is hazardous in nature. Proper arrangement and advanced technologies should be installed in the hospital premises so that patients will not be asked to go outside for the further checkup and treatment. Referencing Adewunmi, A. 2014. 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